Hydraulic pulsator transmission system for converting rotary motion into reciprocatory motion



Jan. 1, 1952 C, ATT1G 2,580,561

HYDRAULIC PULSATOR TRANSMISSION SYSTEM FOR CONVERTING ROTARY MOTION INTO RECIPROCATORY MOTION Filed Sept. l0, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet l IIII Jan. 1, 1952 Q l. LATT|G 2,580,561

HYDRAULIC PULSATOR TRANSMISSION SYSTEM FOR CONVERTING ROTARY MOTION INTO RECIPROCATORY MOTION Filed Sept. l0, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Jan. 1, 1952 ROTARY MOTION INTO RECIPROCATORY MOTION Filed Sept. l0, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 LILI;

Jan. l, 1952 C. l. I ATTIG 2,580,561

HYDRAULIC PULSATOR TRANSMISSION SYSTEM FOR CONVERTING ROTARY MOTION INTO RECIRROCATORY MOTION Filed Sept. 10, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Jan. 1, 1952 C, 1 LATTIG 2,580,561

HYDRAULIC -PULSATOR TRANSMISSION SYSTEM FOR CONVERTING ROTARY MOTION INTO RECIPROCATORY MOTION Filed Sept. l0, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet. 5'

`Patented Jan. 1, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HYDRAULIC PULSATOR TRANSMISSION SYSTEM `FOR` CONVERTING ROTARY MOTION l. INTO RECIPROCATORY` MO- TION 'Charles Irwin Lattig, deceased, late of Columbus,

Ohio, lby Byron E. Ford, administrator,` Colum- Abus, Ohio, assignor to Link-Belt Company, a vcorporation of Illinois -fApplicatimi september 1o, 1945, serial No."615,35'o

(C1. en -54.5)

"6 Claims.

Vcausefthe material to feed over the screen. Feeder conveyors,` 'hoppers ia'nd chutes sometimesneed `a Vibrator to `maintain a flow of the material. Concrete forms also may'require shaking to compact the concrete. y 1

It hasbeen dif-heult with'ordinary mechanical means producing a reciprocatory motion to obtain a variation in the amplitude of the vibration. 'Such a variation is important because diierent materialsand conditions of operation may require a definite amplitude of movement to ob- Vtain optimum results. The present invention provides a device 'which employs hydraulic means "for converting rotary motion into "reciprocatory motion. As a feature of the invention, the amplitude of the vibratory motion` maybe innitely varied from zero to the maximum permitted by "the design of thedevice.

Another "feature -of the inventioninvolves the provision of means to 'make certain that the "liquid in the'hydraulicsys'tem is constantly main- *tained under `pressure and replenished as leakage meurs; to'assure' 'dependable operation.

Other Y@features "of *the invention will appear 4from the`fo1lowing description when considered withthe accompanying drawings.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 'al plan view of one `embodiment of the invention,

`Figure `2 Vis a section on'lthefline2-2 l'of Figvurel,

:'Figure- 'iisf fai section vonl 'the line "'5-4-'5fff Figu ure`.2,A and `Figure 'isha diagrammatic representation of the apparatus showing the mechanism 'and fluid .'system .laid out in one plane.

"The `deviceincludesa main body'member Ii which 4is` of Fgenerally f rectangular shape Ihaving fjparallel iside jwall-s I I- Aand f I2. Proj ectng from fthe oppos'ite iend1-Wlls-of1body I'I` are-bosses I3 .I `4 which are substantiallylat the mid-height bf thev body. "The body Iis'fcarid upon-a 'sup- 'raceway 26. preferably of tapered formationso that they will Asustain end thrust. l

plyv tank I5 which serves asa base for thedevice land to'whichthe body I0 is securedby bolts IG passing'through flanges I 1 of the body.

Transversely through the body I0 is a bore I8 which opensatfthe opposite faces II and I2 of the body. This bore I8 is of the same diameter throughout Vthethickness ofthe body I0. Fitting Within this bore I 8 isla rotaryldisplacement cam Jmember I9. The central part of the member I9 is formed Hwith a peripheral groove so"th'atan eccentrically` positioned cylindricalfportion 2l is formed midway of thewidthiof cam-member I9.

Although the periphery of portion 2| ishere shown to be circular',` this isf not essential as Vthis peripheral fsurface.- may be of` any "shape `so that portion 2| serves as a cam;

On opposite sides of "the 'central Aportion2 I ,"the member I9 has cylindrical 'surfaces' `22 and 123 "whichfare of `substantially? the* same size asthe bore I8 so that a close fit4 is present betweenthe periphery of these portions and the Wall ofthe "bore I8.

`and upon theshaft 24'are anti-friction; bearings which include an inner raceway 25 and an outer The rollers in these bearings are The inner raceways 25 are clamped firmly against the opposite sides `of thecammember I9 by means of lock nuts 21 a'nd 28 which are threaded upon end portions vof the shaft 24. The outer racew'ay's 26 vdo not contact the cam member I9-at'th`eirin`ner ends, but 4flanges at theouter ends of racewaysi 2 6 justbear uponthe outside faces II andIZ of thebody I0 so as not to bind (the tapered rollers. This arrangement involving the "shaft`241aridthe disposition of the cam mem `ber III and bearingsthereon provides a rotatable mounting for thecam member I9 while prevent- `ing its endwise `movement Within the body I0. By adjusting' the 'lnuts'2I and 28 on the opposite' ends for rotating L*'theshaft. Thelother end-of the which an opening 38 leads to the periphery of the boss 36. A pipe 39 extends from the opening 38 to the supply tank l5 toI conduct any oil Y which may feed along the shaft 30, and into groove 31, down into the supply tank |5.' To serve to remove from the shaft 39 any such oil which may move therealong and to cause it to be deposited in the groove 31, this shaft may be formed with annular grooves 40.

The shaft extension 3| passes through a cover 42 which encloses the roller bearing and lock nuts 21 and 28 at the end of the shaft from which the extension 3| projects. The cover 42 is attached to the body I9 by means of bolts 43 which pass through a flange 44 of the cover 42.

Extending into the body Ill and axially through the boss I3 is a bore 46, and extending into the body IIJ and axially through the boss I4 is a bore v41. These bores 46 and 41 are axially in line with each -other and are of the same diameter. As here shown their axes intersect the cam member I9, but this is not an essential relationship. Fitting within the bore 46 is a piston 48 which extends from a position outside the boss I3 to an inner position slightly short of the periphery of the cylindrical surfaces 22 and 23 of the cam member |9. A similar piston 49 is located within the bore 41 and extends to a position outside of the boss I4. These pistons are free to move in an endwise direction under hy-l draulic pressure exerted upon their inner'faces or under a mechanical push exerted upon their i exterior faces.

The boss I3 is axially recessed at 5| to provide a chamber for receiving oil which may seep along the space between the piston 48 and the bore 46. To assist the removal of this oil from the piston 48 at a point within the recess 5|, the piston may be formed with annular grooves 52 at the point where it passes in and out of the body of boss I3. The end of recess 5I is closed by a plate V53 held onto the boss |3 by bolts 54.

The boss I4 is formed with a recess 55, similar to the recess 5|. which is closed b.v a plate 56 similar to plate 53. Grooves 51 in the periphery of the piston 49 serve to assist removal of oil from the piston 49 and deposit it within recess 55.

Leading from recess 5| to the supply tank I5 is a pipe 58 which returns oil from within the recess 5| to the supply tank. A similar pipe 59 returns to the tank I5 any oil which seeps into chamber 55 from around the piston 49.

Extending through a slot 6| in the body |0 is a cam follower 62, here shown in the form of a vane, which is of the same width as the peripheral groove in the displacement cam member |9, so that it nts snugly against the side walls of this groove. The slot 6| is of substantially the same cross-sectional size as the Vane 62 so that there will be a minimum leakage along the vane 62. To urge the vane 62 into contact with the periphery of the cam portion 2|, a spring 63 is provided. Spring 63 bears upon an end disc 64 affixed to the vane 62 and also upon a plug 65. VThe end disc 64, spring 63 and plug 65 are al1 4 located within a bore 66 extending into the body I8 from the upper surface thereof. This bore 66 opens outwardly of the body I0 through a boss G1 in which plug 65 is screwed. v

A vane 68, similar to vane 62,-bears upon the periphery of the eccentric cam portion 2| at a --point opposite from the vane 62. This vane 68 is urged inwardly by a spring 69 which bears at one end against the end disc 10 of vane 68 and bears at its other end against a plug 1|. The spring 69, end disc 19 and plug 1| are located within a bore 12 in the body I9.

It will be observed from Figure 3 that the vanes 62 and 68 are on diametrically opposite sides of the axis of rotationof the cam portion 2|. These vanes, therefore, divide the cam chamber which is outside of the cam portion 2| into two chamber sections 14 and 15. The chamber section 14 communicates with the compartment 16 at the end of bore 46 to which the inner end face of piston 48 is exposed. Chamber section 15 is in cornrnunicationwith the compartment 11 at the end of bore 41 and to which the inner end face of piston 49 is exposed. Therefore, an increase in pressure in chamber section 14, due to rotation of the high part of cam 2| into chamber section 14, will cause the fluid in compartment 16 to exert pressure upon the inner end face of piston 48. In like manner, continued rotation of the high part of cam 2| from the chamber section 14 to bring it into the chamber section 15 will force fluid from the chamber section 15 into compartment 11 and. exert pressure upon the inner end of piston 49.

To interconnect the pistons 48 and 49 so that they will move in unison, a yoke 18 is provided. This yoke 18 passes entirely around the body structure as is shown in Figure 1.. At the meeting faces between the pistons 48 and 49 and the ends of yoke 18, the yoke has recesses 19 to receive the ends of pistons 48 and 49 and retain the ends of the yoke upon the pistons. Forming a part of the yoke 18 is a lug 8) having an opening therethrough to provide a means for attachment of the reciprocatory yoke to the mechanism to be vibrated.

It will be apparent that movement of the piston 49 to the right, as it appears in Figure 3, under the inuenoe of the pressure developed in chamber section 15 and compartment 11 by rotation of the cam portion 2|, will push upon the yoke 18 to urge it toward the right. This movement of yoke 18 will carryv with it piston 48 to move it to the right, as it appears in Figure 3. Such movement of piston 48 toward the cam portion 2| will force the liquid in compartment 16 into the chamber section 14, and this liquid will be accommodated by the space in chamber section 14 vacated by movement of the high part of cam 2| from chamber section 14 into chamber section 15. When the high portion of cam 2| thereafter moves into chamber section 14 from chamber section 15 and causes piston 48 to move to the left, it will urge yoke 18 to the left and thereby cause piston 49 to also move to the left. An action similar to that which has been described will occur since the liquid forced out of compartment 11, due to the leftwise movement of piston 49, will be accommodated in chamber section 15 by the removal of the high portion of cam 2| from chamber section 15.

Therefore, the pistons 48 and 49 will move in unison back and forth, even though there is no direct flow of liquid between chamber sections 14 and 15. The yoke 18 and pistons 48 and 49 .stant pressure.

constitute .ya double acting piston arrangement .operated .l by reversely `iiowing ffiuid impulses. Thefdevice maybe operated .i in this manner to Obtain ja maximum amplitude of movement .of the yoke 18, but theinvention .contemplates the provision` of means `bylwhichfthe Yamplitude can `be varied from thismaximum down to zero.

This reductionin the `amplitude offmovement of yoke Y1.8 is i accomplished, .by Lallowing Psomeof the liquiclltohilowbetween `chamber sections 1t and.15. Byz byfpassing Asome ,of this liquidbe- `tweenfchambersections `14 and 15,; all of the liquid which isdisplaced bythe Acam 2| will not act upon the pistoni. `.or .40, and `consequently each piston will have only a fraction of its maxivmum movement.

` The by-pass between chambersections 144 and 1,5 .includes passages Maand-.03 Awhich i extend from chamber sections 14 and 15, `respectively, up toports Maud .85 Vat the topface of body` I0. .Ports 84 ,and. 85 aredisplaced .toward one -side `of the boss61. ,at the `top ofbody |and this is accomplished bylproviding. offset portions Strand 81 (Figure 2). These. offset portions oftpassaffeways V8|! and 83-are formed by bores entering through the sidefaces .l2 ofthe body |0, the openings to these bores being. thereafter closed by `plugs 88 and 89.

Securedtothe top faceofthe bodyY I0 is a valve .body 9|. This Valve body Sluis heldin-place `by .bolts 92 which clamp algasket 93 between the main body l0 and the valve body-9|. The valve body 9| has a passageway `94 (Figure 5) lengthwise therethrough from which `extend lateral .openings .to ports.95 and .05 which register, re- 4spectively,.with .por-tslltand 85. `A plug 91 closes the end opening `of `the longitudinal `bore 94.

A conical bore,.98 is `formed int-orthor valve `body `9| in axial algnmentwith 4the `passageway'l-Slfi so `that the passageway 94` opensv on diametrically opposite sides of the bore 98. A rotary plug valve v99 is positioned Vwithin `the conical bore `98 ,and has a bore |00 therethrough to establish communication along .the longitudinal passageway 94 as `the plug 99 isrotated.

.To rotate plug y90 a-handle |02 ,i is attached thereto. .'Ioretain the plug 9.9 in the conical bore `98 and draw it` into Huid tight; engagement with the wall of` bore 98, a washer |03 is passed over-a stem extension |04 ofltheplugSS and nut |05 is screwed upon-thestem |04. Nut |05 and 4washer |03 are .located in a bore` |06 on theunder side. of valve .body 9 The inventionalso .contemplatesthe provision of means to make certain that theychamberssec- `tions 14 and.1.5, the compartments 10 and 11 and the passageways. 82 Yand A03 leading tothe valve .90 are` maintained filled with liquid under con- .'Ihis ,is` accomplished by con" stantly supplying liquid under pressure*` by means ,of the rotary pump 3.2.

`Extending downwardly from thechamber sec .tions 14 and 15arepassagewaysml and |03, respectively. `These,passages `||31 and |08 comu 4enlarged bore4 |,|3 openingat the. face Aplug t I I4 having an orice therethrough i `is threaded `.into thelopening to .bore-,l |13. ,A ball-ilfand `.system constantly under pressure.

spring I |6.are located inside of thebore I3 ,and .areretainedthereinby the plug IM. .The `ball `I |5seats againstthe orifice through plug ||4 by pressure against thevalve seat ||1 thereof. 'I'he ball 5, therefore, seri/esas a Vcheck valve .to permit liquid to flow into but not out -of passages |09and- |01, and section-14 of the cam chamber.

Theopening of passagewaylmat face ||of vthe body |0 isfcontrolled in asimilar manner by aplug ||8 having a seat |I9at anrorice :through .the plug I8. `A ball |20 is urged against this seat ||9 .by a spring |2|. These latter parts rare positioned v.within a bore |22 corresponding tobore H3, The `ball |20, therefore, serves as a check va-lve .to permit liquidto flow into but not out of `passages H0 and |08, and section 15 `of ,the camzchamber.

Clamped against the face by bolts |24 isla. liquid distributing block |25 (Figure -4)there being a gasket |20 interposed between these meeting faces. Through ,the distributing block `|25 is a longitudinal passage |21, the end of which is closed by plug |28. A -transversebore |29 is drilled through the block |25 to `register with the orifice Athrough plug-||4 and a similar transverse bore |30 is drilled through block |25l to register with the orifice through plug I I8.

A pipe |32 extends. from the pump 32 to the `other side of transverse bore |30 to supply liquid` to the longitudinal passageway |21. As the pump 3.2 is rotating-constantly, it suppliesliquidunder pressure to valves ||5 and |20, and past these valves when necessary to takecare of any leakage from the system, Excess liquid isperrntted rto escape through a relief valve |33 contained within a` shell |34, screwed into the block |25 in the otherbranch `of transverse passageway |29. A-cover |35, held .onto cap 42 by screws |3tf, encloses pump 32. i

The, pump 32, therefore, maintains. the iiuid This avoids the necessity for packing glands inthe device and permits considerable wear to occur before replacement is necessary. Also, it permits fairly liberal clearances to'be .made so that manufacture `of the device is ,more easily permitted,

An opening L33 in `theshell |34 ,permits ,the liquid to escape int-o `the chamber within the `cap A42. This liquid which escapes into the chamber within cap-li2` passes outwardly therefrom through Aan overflow pipe- |39 `which conducts this excess` liquid back to the supply tank |5. Liquid which may accumulate inside of `cap -33 iiows through passages |40 into cap 42 for return to tankgiiii. Pump 132 receives its liquid from a pipe Mix which I dips into tank |5.

`Shaft 30 maygberotatedwby any power `source valveee is closed: themaximum amplitude yis cbtained and when .the valVe-isfwidebpen there rshould benornotion of :pistons iand `49 and zyoke'lit.

Variations in stroke between zero and the maximum are obtained by placing valve `09 in an intermediate position.

The `invention :claimed is: v *1. device;` `for converting rotary motioninto reciprocatorycmotion comprising means `mount-- ed J.for1ireeiproeatory.:motionJ `land presenting :op-

positelyfiacing :surfaces @to be .f exposed @to `'fluid pressure, means forming a pressure compartment enclosing each of said surfaces, a displacement cam mounted for rotary movement, a shaft carrying said displacement cam, a pair of followers on opposite sides of the displacement cam, means urging the followers into sealing contact with the periphery of the cam, a body in which said shaft is mounted, means including said body for confining the displacement cam and followers to form a chamber around the periphery of the cam, said followers separating said chamber into two sections, said chamber sections being each in communication with one of said compartments, and a liquid pump carried by said shaft and having communications with the chamber sections to maintain them and the compartments supplied with liquid under pressure.

2. A device for converting rotary motion into reciprocatory motion comprising means mounted for reciprocatory movement and presenting oppositely facing surfaces to be alternately exposed to elevated liuid pressure, a mechanical motion transmitting member to be reciprocated operatively connected to said means so as to be actuated as intended when said oppositely facing surfaces are alternately exposed to elevated fluid pressure, means forming a pressure compartment enclosing each of said surfaces. a displacement cam mounted for rotary movement, a shaft carrying said displacement cam, a pair of followers on opposite sides of the displacement cam, means urging the followers into sealing contact with the periphery of the displace-ment cam, a body in which said shaft is mounted, means including said body for confining the displacement cam and followers to form a chamber around the periphery of the cam, said followers separating said chamber into two sections so that rotation of the displacement cam will alternately increase and decrease the volumetric capacity of each of said chamber sections and with the changes in the capacities of the two chamber sections occurring in the reverse order, a passageway leading from one of said chamber sections to one of said compartments, another passageway leading from the other chamber section to the other compartment, a duct extending from one chamber section to the other through which fluid displaced from each chamber section by the displacement cam may flow into the other chamber section, a valve located in said duct to control the flow of fluid through the duct, and liquid pumping mea-ns directly connected to said shaft for maintaining said chamber sections and the communieating system lled with liquid under pressure.

3. A device for converting rotary motion into reciprocatory motion, comprising a housing having a fluid chamber formed therein, a rotatable shaft journaled lin the housing and extending through the chamber, a displacement cam fastened to the shaft and positioned in the chamber so as to leave a uid space around the periphery of the cam, means to divide the uid space of the.

chamber into two separate sections so that the fluid will be alternately displaced from the two chamber sections by the rotation of the cam, cylinder means formed in the housing at right angles to the axis of the shaft, means formed in the housing for establishing communication between different portions of the cylinder means and the separate sections of th-e chamber so that the cylinder means may receive the fluid that is displaced from the chamber sections, reciprocating piston means in the cylinder means having oppositely acting faces that may be alternately exposed to the fluid displaced from the chamber sections so that the piston means may be reciprocated by the action of the displaced iiuid, iiuid pumping means in the housing and directly connected to said shaft, means in the housing for separately delivering iiuid under pressure to the two chamber sections and the portions of the cylinder means connected thereto, and a mechanical motion transmitting member to be reciprocated operatively connected to said reciprocating piston means so as to be actuated as intended when the oppositely acting faces of said piston means are alternately exposed to displaced fluid.

4. A device for converting rotary motion into reciprocatory motion, comprising ahousing having a fluid chamber formed therein, a rotatable shaft journaled in the housing and extending through the chamber, a displacement cam iastened to the shaft and positioned in the chamber so as to leave a uid space around the periphery of the cam, means to divide the fluid space of the chamber into two separate sections so that the iluid will be alternately displaced from the two chamber sections by the rotation of the cam, cylinder means formed in the housing at right angles to the axis of the shaft, means formed in the housing for establishing communication between different portions of the cylinder means and the separate sections of the chamber so that the cylinder means may receive the fluid that is displaced from the chamber sections, reciprocating piston means in the cylinder means having oppositely acting faces that may be alternately exposed to the fluid displaced from the chamber sections so that the piston means may be reciprocated by the action of the displaced fluid, fluid pumping means in the housing and directly ccnnected to said shaft, means in the housing for separately delivering fluid under pressure to the two chamber sections and the portions of the cylinder means connected thereto, a uid reservoir in the base of the housing, means for supplying the pumping means with iiuid from the reservoir, means for returning to the reservoir uid delivered by the pump in excess of that required by the chamber sections and cylinder means. and any uid that leaks from the cylinder means, and a mechanical motion transmitting member to be reciprocated operatively connected to said reciprocating piston means so as to be actuated as intended when the oppositely acting faces of said piston means are alternately exposed to displaced iiuid.

5. A device for converting rotary motion into reciprocatory motion, comprising a housing having a iluid chamber formed therein, a rotatable shaft journaled in the housing and extending through the chamber, a displacement cam fastened to the shaft and positioned in the chamber so as to leave a fluid space around the periphery of the cam, means to divide the uid space of the chamber into two separate sections so that the iiuid will be alternately dis-placed from the two chamber sections by the rotation of the cam, cylinder means formed in the housing at right angles to the axis of the shaft, means formed in the housing for establishing communication between diferent portions of the cylinder means and the separate sections of the chamber so that the cylinder means may receive the iiuid that is displaced from the chamber sections, reciprocating piston means in the cylinder means having oppositely acting faces that may be alternately 9 exposed to the fluid displaced from the chamber sections so that the piston means may be reciprocated by the action of the displaced fluid, means in the housing and controllable from the exterior thereof for varying the volume of displaced uid that is received by the cylinder means from the chamber section, fluid pumping means in the housing and directly connected to said shaft, means in the housing for separately delivering uid under pressure to the two chamber sections and the portions of the cylinder means connected thereto, and a mechanical motion transmitting member to be reciprocated operatively connected to said reciprocating piston means so as to be actuated as intended when the oppositely acting faces of said piston means are alternately exposed to displaced uid.

6. A device for converting rotary motion into reciprocatory motion, comprising a housing having a fluid chamber formed therein, a rotatable shaft journaled in the housing and extending through the chamber, a displacement cam fastened to the shaft and positioned in the chamloer so as to leave a fluid space around the periphery of the cam, means to divide the fluid space of the chamber into two separate sections so that the fluid will be alternately displaced from the two chamber sections by the rotation of the cam, cylinder means formed in the housing at right angles to the axis of the shaft, means formed in the housing for establishing communication between dilerent portions of the cylinder means and the separate sections of the chamber so that the cylinder means may receive the uid that is displaced from the chamber sections, reciprocating piston means in the cylinder means having oppositely acting faces that may be alternately exposed to the fluid displaced from the chamber sections so that the piston means may be reciprocated by the action of the displaced fl fluid, means in the housing and controllable from the exterior thereof for varying the volume of displaced uid that is received by the cylinder means from the chamber section, uid pumping means in the housing and directly connected to said shaft, means in the housing for separately delivering fluid under pressure to the two chamber sections and the portions of the cylinder means connected thereto, a uid reservoir in the base of the housing, means for supplying the pumping means with fluid from the reservoir, means for returning to the reservoir fluid delivered by the pump in excess of that required by the chamber sections and cylinder means and any uid that leaks from the cylinder means, and a mechanical motion transmitting member to be reciprocated operatively connected to said reciprocating piston means so as to be actuated as intended when the oppositely acting faces oi' said piston means are alternately exposed to displaced fluid.

BYRON E. FORD,

Administrator of Charles Irwin Lattig, Deceased.

REFERENCES CITED HThe following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 560,934 Robertson May 26, 1896 560,935 Robertson May 26, 1896 857,558 Keenan June 18, 1907 889,875 Gerrich June 2, 1908 1,591,471 Constantinesco July 6, 1926 1,719,502 Dienner July 2, 1929 1,787,120 Noble Dec, 20, 1930 1,927,580 Wisner Sept. 19, 1933 2,072,693 Volkert Mar. 2, 1937 2,133,569 Price Oct. 18, 1938 2,262,814 Norvell Nov, 18, 1941 2,368,628 Bates Feb. 6, 1945 2,479,535 Deloghia Aug. 16, 1949 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 345,667 Great Britain Mar. 23, 1931 346,020 Great Britain Mar. 30, 1931 

